---
title: Deuteronomy 3:5 (JPS 1917) — All these were fortified cities, with high walls, gates, and bars; b… · tree and pragmatics
description: All these were fortified cities, with high walls, gates, and bars; beside the unwalled towns a great many. Who acts: these. Deuteronomy 3:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 3:5 · JPS 1917

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All these were fortified cities, with high walls, gates, and bars; beside the unwalled towns a great many.

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**Who acts:** these · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** fortified cities, unwalled towns

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This is Deuteronomy 3:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:88
# text = All these were fortified cities, with high walls, gates, and bars; beside the unwalled towns a great many.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	2	det:predet	_	_
2	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	fortified	fortify	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	unwalled	unwalled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	many	many	NOUN	NN	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | these | fortified cities |  | the unwalled towns  a great many |  | with high walls and gates and bars | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה עָרִ֧ים בְּצֻר֛וֹת חוֹמָ֥ה גְבֹהָ֖ה דְּלָתַ֣יִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ לְבַ֛ד מֵעָרֵ֥י הַפְּרָזִ֖י הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃

[Deuteronomy 3:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:88` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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