---
title: Deuteronomy 31:28 (JPS 1917) — Assemble unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Assemble unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to witness against them. Who acts: you, I. Deuteronomy 31:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 31:28 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Assemble unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to witness against them.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I · **What happens:** assemble, speak, call, witness · **To what, where:** elders, me, words, ears, heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Deuteronomy 31:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:882
# text = Assemble unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to witness against them.
1	Assemble	assemble	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
19	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
27	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	witness	witness	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
32	against	against	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assemble** | imperative | you *not said here* | all elders of your tribes and your officers | me |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP PP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary elder=Product |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | may | I | this words |  | words's ears |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | infinitive | you *not said here* | heaven and earth |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent heaven=Recipient |
| 4 | **witness** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against words *= word* | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הַקְהִ֧ילוּ אֵלַ֛י אֶת־כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְשֹׁטְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֔ם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

[Deuteronomy 31:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:882` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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