---
title: Deuteronomy 32:23 (JPS 1917) — I will heap evils upon them; I will spend Mine arrows upon them; · tree and pragmatics
description: I will heap evils upon them; I will spend Mine arrows upon them; Who acts: I. Deuteronomy 32:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 32:23 · JPS 1917

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I will heap evils upon them; I will spend Mine arrows upon them;

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** heap, spend · **To what, where:** evils, arrows

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This is Deuteronomy 32:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:908
# text = I will heap evils upon them; I will spend Mine arrows upon them;
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	heap	heap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	evils	evil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
11	Mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap** | future | I | evils |  |  |  | upon evils *= evil* | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent evil=Theme upon they=Destination |
| 2 | **spend** | future | I | Mine arrows |  |  |  | upon evils *= evil* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אַסְפֶּ֥ה עָלֵ֖ימוֹ רָע֑וֹת חִצַּ֖י אֲכַלֶּה־בָּֽם׃

[Deuteronomy 32:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.32.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:908` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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