---
title: Deuteronomy 32:31 (JPS 1917) — For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being… · tree and pragmatics
description: For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges. Who acts: rock, enemies. Deuteronomy 32:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 32:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges.

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**Who acts:** rock, enemies · **What happens:** not be, be · **To what, where:** judges

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This is Deuteronomy 32:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rock, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:916
# text = For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	Rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp	12	nmod	_	_
14	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
15	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	advcl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | adversaries's rock |  |  |  |  | as our Rock | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund | our enemies  adversaries | judges |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֛י לֹ֥א כְצוּרֵ֖נוּ צוּרָ֑ם וְאֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ פְּלִילִֽים׃

[Deuteronomy 32:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.32.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:916` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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