---
title: Exodus 4:31 (JPS 1917) — And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remem… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remembered the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped. Who acts: people, LORD. Exodus 4:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 4:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remembered the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, LORD · **What happens:** believe, hear, remember, see, bow, worship · **To what, where:** children, affliction, heads · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 4:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:113
# text = And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had remembered the children of Israel, and that He had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	remembered	remember	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
28	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	30	advmod	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	worshipped	worship	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | the people |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **hear** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **remember** | past · perfect | the LORD | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent child=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | past · perfect | lord | people's affliction |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer affliction=Stimulus |
| 5 | **bow** | past | people | people's heads |  |  | then |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Topic |
| 6 | **worship** | past | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **afflict** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom affliction «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיַּאֲמֵ֖ן הָעָ֑ם וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֡וּ כִּֽי־פָקַ֨ד יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְכִ֤י רָאָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיָ֔ם וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃

[Exodus 4:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:113` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 4:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.112/)
- next →: [Exodus 5:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.114/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 4:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.4.31/)