---
title: Exodus 5:9 (JPS 1917) — Let heavier work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein;… · tree and pragmatics
description: Let heavier work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard lying words.' Who acts: you, people. Exodus 5:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 5:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let heavier work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard lying words.'

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**Who acts:** you, people · **What happens:** let, lay, labour, not regard, lie · **To what, where:** heavier work, people, lying words

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This is Exodus 5:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:125
# text = Let heavier work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard lying words.'
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	labour	labour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
14	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	regard	regard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
21	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	amod	_	_
22	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lay** | infinitive · passive |  | heavier work |  |  |  | upon the men | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme upon man=Destination |
| 3 | **labour** | may | people |  |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive | you *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **regard** | infinitive | people *not said here* | lying words |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 6 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
תִּכְבַּ֧ד הָעֲבֹדָ֛ה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָ֑הּ וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃

[Exodus 5:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.5.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:125` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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