---
title: Exodus 1:13 (JPS 1917) — And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour. · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour. Who acts: Egyptians, children. Exodus 1:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 1:13 · JPS 1917

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And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour.

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**Who acts:** Egyptians, children · **What happens:** make, serve · **To what, where:** children

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This is Exodus 1:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Egyptians, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:14
# text = And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Egyptians	Egyptians	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	rigour	rigour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the Egyptians | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **serve** | to-infinitive | the children of Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with rigour | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with rigour=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃

[Exodus 1:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:14` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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