---
title: Exodus 7:18 (JPS 1917) — And the fish that are in the river shall die, and the river shall be… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the fish that are in the river shall die, and the river shall become foul; and the Egyptians shall loathe to drink water from the river.' Who acts: fish, river, Egyptians. Exodus 7:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.195/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/7/) / [7:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.18/) / JPS 1

# Exodus 7:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the fish that are in the river shall die, and the river shall become foul; and the Egyptians shall loathe to drink water from the river.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fish, river, Egyptians · **What happens:** be, die, become, loathe, drink · **To what, where:** river, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 7:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fish, river, Egyptians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:195
# text = And the fish that are in the river shall die, and the river shall become foul; and the Egyptians shall loathe to drink water from the river.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
17	foul	foul	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	loathe	loathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the fish |  |  | the river |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **die** | shall | the fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **become** | shall | the river |  |  |  |  | foul *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **loathe** | shall | the Egyptians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **drink** | to-infinitive | the Egyptians *not said here* | water |  | the river |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהַדָּגָ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֛ר תָּמ֖וּת וּבָאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֑ר וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹֽר׃ס

[Exodus 7:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.18/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:195` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Exodus 7:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.194/)
- next →: [Exodus 7:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.196/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 7:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.18/)