---
title: Exodus 7:19 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and str… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both 
---

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# Exodus 7:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'

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**Who acts:** LORD, people, blood · **What happens:** say, take, stretch out, become, be · **To what, where:** rod, hand, waters, blood, vessels · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 7:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, people, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:196
# text = And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Take thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood; and there shall be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	over	over	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	over	over	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	over	over	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
42	over	over	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	45	det:predet	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
49	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
50	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
51	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
53	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	xcomp	_	_
54	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	58	punct	_	_
55	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
56	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	58	expl	_	_
57	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
59	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	nsubj	_	_
60	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
61	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	63	det:predet	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	nmod	_	_
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
67	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	69	cc:preconj	_	_
68	in	in	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	obl	_	_
70	of	of	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
71	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	nmod	_	_
72	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	74	cc	_	_
73	in	in	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
74	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	69	conj	_	_
75	of	of	ADP	IN	_	76	case	_	_
76	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	74	nmod	_	_
77	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
78	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unto Aaron | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive |  | thy rod |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rod=Theme |
| 4 | **stretch out** | infinitive |  | thy hand |  | the waters of Egypt and people's rivers and people's streams and people's pools and people's ponds of water |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 5 | **become** | may | people | blood |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **be** | shall | blood |  |  | vessels of wood and vessels of stone; there | throughout all land of Egypt |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout land=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם ׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים׃

[Exodus 7:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:196` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 7:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.195/)
- next →: [Exodus 7:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.197/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 7:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.7.19/)