--- title: Exodus 1:19 (JPS 1917) — And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are no… · tree and pragmatics description: And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.' Who acts: midwives, Hebrew women, midwife. Exodus 1:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/) / [1:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.19/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 1:19 · JPS 1917 And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.' **Who acts:** midwives, Hebrew women, midwife · **What happens:** say, not be, be, deliver, come · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Exodus 1:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (midwives, Hebrew women, midwife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:20 # text = And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 midwives midwife NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Pharaoh Pharaoh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 18 punct _ _ 9 Because because SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 Hebrew Hebrew PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 women woman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 14 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 15 as as ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 Egyptian Egyptian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 women woman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 ccomp _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 20 for for SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 lively lively ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 delivered deliver VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 conj _ _ 28 ere ere SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 midwife midwife NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 come come VERB VBP Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 32 unto unto ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ 35 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the midwives | | | | | unto Pharaoh | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **not** **is** | present | the Hebrew women | | | | | as the Egyptian women | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | midwives *= midwife* | | | | | lively *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **deliver** | present · passive | midwives *= midwife* *not said here* | | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP» | | 5 | **come** | present | the midwife | | | | | unto women *= woman* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃ [Exodus 1:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:20` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 1:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.19/) - next →: [Exodus 1:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.21/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 1:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.19/)