---
title: Exodus 8:1 (JPS 1917) — (8-1) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Stretch forth t… · tree and pragmatics
description: (8-1) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Stretch forth thy hand with thy rod over the rivers, over the canals, and over the pools, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt.' Who acts: LORD, frogs. Exodus 8:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Exodus 8:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(8-1) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Stretch forth thy hand with thy rod over the rivers, over the canals, and over the pools, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt.'

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**Who acts:** LORD, frogs · **What happens:** say, stretch, cause, come up · **To what, where:** hand, rivers, frogs, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 8:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:207
# text = (8-1) And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Say unto Aaron: Stretch forth thy hand with thy rod over the rivers, over the canals, and over the pools, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt.'
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	8-1	8-1	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	parataxis	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
13	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
17	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
23	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	over	over	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	canals	canal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	over	over	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	pools	pool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
38	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obj	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	xcomp	_	_
41	up	up	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: other
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unto Aaron | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stretch** | infinitive |  | thy hand |  | the rivers and the pools |  | with thy rod; over the canals; forth *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with rod=Instrument |
| 4 | **cause** | infinitive |  | frogs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **come up** | to-infinitive | frogs *not said here* |  |  | the land of Egypt |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon land=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֙ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַל־הַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַיְאֹרִ֖ים וְעַל־הָאֲגַמִּ֑ים וְהַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

[Exodus 8:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:207` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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