---
title: Exodus 8:10 (JPS 1917) — (8-10) And they gathered them together in heaps; and the land stank. · tree and pragmatics
description: (8-10) And they gathered them together in heaps; and the land stank. Who acts: frogs, land. Exodus 8:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 8:10 · JPS 1917

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(8-10) And they gathered them together in heaps; and the land stank.

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**Who acts:** frogs, land · **What happens:** gather, stink · **To what, where:** courts, heaps

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This is Exodus 8:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frogs, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:216
# text = (8-10) And they gathered them together in heaps; and the land stank.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	8-10	8-10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	dep	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	stank	stink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | frogs *= frog* | courts *= court* |  | heaps |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **stink** | past | the land |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃

[Exodus 8:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:216` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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