---
title: Exodus 8:13 (JPS 1917) — (8-13) And they did so; and Aaron stretched out his hand with his ro… · tree and pragmatics
description: (8-13) And they did so; and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast; all the dust of the earth became gnats throughout all the land of Egypt. Who acts: gnats, Aaron, dust. Exodus 8:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tr
---

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# Exodus 8:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(8-13) And they did so; and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast; all the dust of the earth became gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.

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**Who acts:** gnats, Aaron, dust · **What happens:** do, stretch out, smote, be, become · **To what, where:** hand, dust, gnats

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 8:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gnats, Aaron, dust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:219
# text = (8-13) And they did so; and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast; all the dust of the earth became gnats throughout all the land of Egypt.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	8-13	8-13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	discourse	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	there	there	PRON	EX	_	29	expl	_	_
29	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
30	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
31	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
38	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	40	det:predet	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
44	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
45	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	xcomp	_	_
46	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	49	det:predet	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | gnats *= gnat* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stretch out** | past | Aaron | Aaron's hand |  |  |  | with Aaron's rod | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with rod=Instrument |
| 3 | **smote** | past | Aaron *not said here* | the dust of the earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** | past | gnats upon man and beast |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **become** | past | all dust of the earth | gnats |  |  | throughout all land of Egypt |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤וֹ בְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָאָ֛רֶץ הָיָ֥ה כִנִּ֖ים בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

[Exodus 8:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:219` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 8:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.218/)
- next →: [Exodus 8:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.220/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 8:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.13/)