---
title: Exodus 8:14 (JPS 1917) — (8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring fort… · tree and pragmatics
description: (8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not; and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast. Who acts: magicians, gnats. Exodus 8:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 8:14 · JPS 1917

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(8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not; and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast.

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**Who acts:** magicians, gnats · **What happens:** do, bring, be · **To what, where:** gnats

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This is Exodus 8:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (magicians, gnats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:220
# text = (8-14) And the magicians did so with their secret arts to bring forth gnats, but they could not; and there were gnats upon man, and upon beast.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	8-14	8-14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	dep	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	magicians	magician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	arts	art	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
15	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	there	there	PRON	EX	_	25	expl	_	_
25	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	gnats	gnat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the magicians |  |  |  |  | with magicians's secret arts | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bring** | to-infinitive | the magicians *not said here* | gnats |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent gnat=Theme |
| 3 | **be** | past | gnats |  |  | there |  | upon man and beast | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon man=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֨ן הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־הַכִּנִּ֖ים וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃

[Exodus 8:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:220` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 8:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.219/)
- next →: [Exodus 8:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.221/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.14/)