---
title: Exodus 1:22 (JPS 1917) — And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: 'Every son that is born… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: 'Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.' Who acts: Pharaoh, ye. Exodus 1:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 1:22 · JPS 1917

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And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: 'Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.'

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**Who acts:** Pharaoh, ye · **What happens:** charge, say, bear, cast, save · **To what, where:** people, son, river, daughter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 1:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pharaoh, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:23
# text = And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: 'Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
11	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	25	det	_	_
25	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
26	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nsubj	_	_
27	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
29	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | past | Pharaoh | Pharaoh's people |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location people=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Pharaoh *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **bear** | present · passive |  | every son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **cast** | shall | ye | every son |  | the river |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent son=Material into river=Product |
| 5 | **save** | shall | ye | every daughter |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְצַ֣ו פַּרְעֹ֔ה לְכָל־עַמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֙רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן׃ס

[Exodus 1:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:23` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 1:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.22/)
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- ↑ back to [Exodus 1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.22/)