---
title: Exodus 8:28 (JPS 1917) — (8-28) And Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and he did not… · tree and pragmatics
description: (8-28) And Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and he did not let the people go. Who acts: Pharaoh, people. Exodus 8:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 8:28 · JPS 1917

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(8-28) And Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and he did not let the people go.

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**Who acts:** Pharaoh, people · **What happens:** harden, not let, go · **To what, where:** heart, people

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This is Exodus 8:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pharaoh, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:234
# text = (8-28) And Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and he did not let the people go.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	8-28	8-28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	discourse	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hardened	harden	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harden** | past | Pharaoh | Pharaoh's heart |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **let** | past · do-support | Pharaoh | the people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּכְבֵּ֤ד פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֑את וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃פ

[Exodus 8:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.8.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:234` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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