---
title: Exodus 9:23 (JPS 1917) — And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and the LORD caused to hail upon the land of Egypt. Who acts: Moses, LORD, fire. Exodus 9:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 9:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and the LORD caused to hail upon the land of Egypt.

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**Who acts:** Moses, LORD, fire · **What happens:** stretch, send, run down, cause, hail · **To what, where:** rod, thunder

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This is Exodus 9:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, LORD, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:258
# text = And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven; and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down unto the earth; and the LORD caused to hail upon the land of Egypt.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
21	down	down	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	hail	hail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | past | Moses | Moses's rod |  |  |  | toward heaven; forth *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rod=Patient |
| 2 | **send** | past | the LORD | thunder and hail |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thunder=Theme |
| 3 | **run down** | past | fire |  |  |  |  | unto the earth; down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cause** | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hail** | to-infinitive | the LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon the land of Egypt | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּבָרָ֔ד וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָה וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

[Exodus 9:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:258` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Exodus 9:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.23/)