---
title: Exodus 9:35 (JPS 1917) — And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the childr… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses. Who acts: Pharaoh, children, LORD. Exodus 9:35 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 9:35 · JPS 1917

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And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.

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**Who acts:** Pharaoh, children, LORD · **What happens:** harden, not let, go, speak · **To what, where:** heart, children · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 9:35 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pharaoh, children, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:270
# text = And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harden** | past · passive |  | the heart of Pharaoh |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **let** | past · do-support | Pharaoh | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | the children of Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · perfect | the LORD |  |  |  |  | by Moses | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַֽיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃פ

[Exodus 9:35: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.35/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:270` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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