---
title: Exodus 10:3 (JPS 1917) — And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him: 'Thus s… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of the Hebrews: How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before Me? let My people go, that they may serve Me. Who acts: Moses, LORD, thou, people. Exodus 10:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Exodus 10:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of the Hebrews: How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before Me? let My people go, that they may serve Me.

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**Who acts:** Moses, LORD, thou, people · **What happens:** go in, say, refuse, not humble, let, go · **To what, where:** thyself, people, Me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 10:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, LORD, thou, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:273
# text = And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him: 'Thus saith the LORD, the God of the Hebrews: How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before Me? let My people go, that they may serve Me.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
4	Aaron	Aaron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Hebrews	Hebrews	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
27	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
28	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	31	advmod	_	_
29	wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
31	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	ccomp	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	humble	humble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
34	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	33	obj	_	_
35	before	before	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	_
37	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
38	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	parataxis	_	_
39	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	xcomp	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	advcl	_	_
47	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, form=decl

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go in** | past | Moses and Aaron |  |  |  |  | unto Pharaoh | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moses and Aaron *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **refuse** | future | thou |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **humble** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | thyself |  |  | before Me |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thyself=Experiencer |
| 6 | **let** | infinitive |  | My people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **go** | infinitive | My people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **serve** | may | people | Me |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹן֮ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃

[Exodus 10:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:273` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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