---
title: Exodus 10:4 (JPS 1917) — Else, if thou refuse to let My people go, behold, to-morrow will I b… · tree and pragmatics
description: Else, if thou refuse to let My people go, behold, to-morrow will I bring locusts into thy border; Who acts: thou, people, I. Exodus 10:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 10:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Else, if thou refuse to let My people go, behold, to-morrow will I bring locusts into thy border;

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**Who acts:** thou, people, I · **What happens:** refuse, not let, go, bring · **To what, where:** people, locusts, border

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This is Exodus 10:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, people, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:274
# text = Else, if thou refuse to let My people go, behold, to-morrow will I bring locusts into thy border;
1	Else	else	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
5	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
12	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	19	discourse	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
16	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
20	locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **let** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | My people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | My people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **bring** | future | I | locusts |  | thy border |  | to morrow; else *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent locust=Theme to morrow=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ אֶת־עַמִּ֑י הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֥יא מָחָ֛ר אַרְבֶּ֖ה בִּגְבֻלֶֽךָ׃

[Exodus 10:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:274` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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