---
title: Exodus 10:14 (JPS 1917) — And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in al… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such. Who acts: locusts, such locusts. Exodus 10:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Exodus 10:14 · JPS 1917

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And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

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**Who acts:** locusts, such locusts · **What happens:** go up, rest, be · **To what, where:** land, borders

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 10:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (locusts, such locusts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:284
# text = And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	rested	rest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	before	before	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
29	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	30	expl	_	_
30	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
32	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
34	as	as	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
37	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	42	cc	_	_
38	after	after	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obl	_	_
40	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	cop	_	_
42	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | the locusts |  |  | all land of Egypt |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **rest** | past | the locusts *not said here* |  |  | all borders of Egypt |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in border=Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | locusts *= locust* |  |  |  |  | grievous *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** | past | no such locusts as servants |  |  | there | before servants *= servant* |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before they=Location |
| 5 | **is** | shall | no such locusts as servants *not said here* |  |  |  | after locusts *= locust* | such *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּ֣עַל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיָּ֕נַח בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד לְ֠פָנָיו לֹא־הָ֨יָה כֵ֤ן אַרְבֶּה֙ כָּמֹ֔הוּ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃

[Exodus 10:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:284` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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