--- title: Exodus 10:15 (JPS 1917) — For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was d… · tree and pragmatics description: For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left; and there remained not any green thing, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt. Who acts: locusts, ha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.285/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/) / [10:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.15/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 10:15 · JPS 1917 For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left; and there remained not any green thing, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt. **Who acts:** locusts, hail, green thing · **What happens:** cover, darken, eat, leave, not remain · **To what, where:** face, land, herb, fruit This is Exodus 10:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (locusts, hail, green thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:285 # text = For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left; and there remained not any green thing, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt. 1 For for SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 covered cover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 11 so so SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 11 fixed _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 darkened darken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 20 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 22 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 23 det _ _ 23 herb herb NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 31 det:predet _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 35 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 obj _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 hail hail NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 38 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 31 acl:relcl _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 42 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 43 expl _ _ 43 remained remain VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 44 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 43 advmod _ _ 45 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 47 det _ _ 46 green green ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 47 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 49 either either CCONJ CC _ 50 cc:preconj _ _ 50 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _ 51 or or CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 herb herb NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 conj _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 56 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 57 through through ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 58 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 60 det:predet _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 61 of of ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 62 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 60 nmod _ _ 63 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | past | locusts *= locust* | the face of the whole earth | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme face=Destination | | 2 | **darken** | past · passive | | the land | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **eat** | past · do-support | locusts *= locust* | every herb of the land and all fruit of the trees | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herb=Patient | | 4 | **leave** | past · perfect | the hail | all fruit of the trees | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | | 5 | **not** **remain** | past | any green thing tree or herb of the field | | | all land of Egypt; there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through land=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ הָאָרֶץ֒ וַיֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַבָּרָ֑ד וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּעֵ֛ץ וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [Exodus 10:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.15/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:285` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 10:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.284/) - next →: [Exodus 10:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.286/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 10:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.15/)