---
title: Exodus 10:21 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.' Who acts: LORD, darkness. Exodus 10:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 10:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, darkness · **What happens:** say, stretch out, be, feel · **To what, where:** hand, darkness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 10:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, darkness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:291
# text = And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	19	expl	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
20	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	even	even	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	felt	feel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl:relcl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
34	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stretch out** | infinitive |  | thy hand |  |  |  | toward heaven | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 3 | **be** | may | darkness over the land of Egypt |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **feel** | may · passive |  | darkness |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

[Exodus 10:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:291` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 10:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.290/)
- next →: [Exodus 10:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.292/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 10:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.21/)