---
title: Exodus 10:22 (JPS 1917) — And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days; Who acts: Moses, thick darkness. Exodus 10:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 10:22 · JPS 1917

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And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days;

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**Who acts:** Moses, thick darkness · **What happens:** stretch, be · **To what, where:** hand

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This is Exodus 10:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, thick darkness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:292
# text = And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	19	det:predet	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | past | Moses | Moses's hand |  |  |  | toward heaven; forth *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | past | a thick darkness in all land of Egypt |  |  | there | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֵּ֥ט מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָד֖וֹ עַל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְהִ֧י חֹֽשֶׁךְ־אֲפֵלָ֛ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃

[Exodus 10:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:292` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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