---
title: Exodus 12:8 (JPS 1917) — And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unl… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it. Who acts: goats. Exodus 12:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 12:8 · JPS 1917

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And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it.

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**Who acts:** goats · **What happens:** eat, roast · **To what, where:** flesh

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This is Exodus 12:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:318
# text = And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	roast	roast	VERB	VBN	VerbForm=Part	6	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	unleavened	unleavened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | shall | goats *= goat* | the flesh |  |  | night |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient |
| 2 | **roast** | participle |  | the flesh *not said here* |  |  |  | with fire | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient with fire=Instrument |
| 3 | **eat** | shall | goats *= goat* | flesh |  |  |  | with bitter herbs | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאָכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּ֑ה צְלִי־אֵ֣שׁ וּמַצּ֔וֹת עַל־מְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃

[Exodus 12:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:318` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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