---
title: Exodus 12:39 (JPS 1917) — And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought fort… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. Who acts: people. Exodus 12:39 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Exodus 12:39 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** bake, bring, not leaven, thrust out, not tarry, prepare · **To what, where:** unleavened cakes, dough, Egypt, multitude, people, victual

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 12:39 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:350
# text = And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unleavened	unleavened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	leavened	leaven	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	thrust	thrust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
34	tarry	tarry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	39	cc	_	_
37	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
39	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	conj	_	_
40	for	for	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	39	obl	_	_
42	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	43	det	_	_
43	victual	victual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | people | unleavened cakes of the dough |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Product |
| 2 | **bring** | past | people | the dough |  | Egypt |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent which=Theme out egypt=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **not** **leaven** | past · passive |  | multitude |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 4 | **thrust out** | past · passive |  | people |  | Egypt |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination egypt=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **tarry** | could |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **prepare** | past · perfect | people | any victual |  |  |  | for people | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent victual=Product for themselves=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃

[Exodus 12:39: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.39/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:350` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ↑ back to [Exodus 12:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.39/)