--- title: Exodus 13:21 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead t… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night: Who acts: LORD, children. Exodus 13:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.383/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/13/) / [13:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.21/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 13:21 · JPS 1917 And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night: **Who acts:** LORD, children · **What happens:** go, lead, give · **To what, where:** pillar, children, light This is Exodus 13:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:383 # text = And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; that they might go by day and by night: 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 before before ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 pillar pillar NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 lead lead VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 17 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 by by ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 pillar pillar NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 32 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 iobj _ _ 33 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 39 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 42 by by ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 conj _ _ 44 : : PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed hedge=0 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | past | the LORD | | | a pillar of cloud | before children *= child*; day; night | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before they=Location | | 2 | **lead** | to-infinitive | the LORD *not said here* | children *= child* | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **give** | to-infinitive | the LORD *not said here* | light | children *= child* | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient light=Theme | | 4 | **go** | might | children *= child* | | | | day | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַֽיהוָ֡ה הֹלֵךְ֩ לִפְנֵיהֶ֨ם יוֹמָ֜ם בְּעַמּ֤וּד עָנָן֙ לַנְחֹתָ֣ם הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְלַ֛יְלָה בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֑ם לָלֶ֖כֶת יוֹמָ֥ם וָלָֽיְלָה׃ [Exodus 13:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.21/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:383` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 13:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.382/) - next →: [Exodus 13:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.384/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 13:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.13.21/)