---
title: Exodus 14:4 (JPS 1917) — And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he shall follow after them; a… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he shall follow after them; and I will get Me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; and the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD.' And they did so. Who acts: I, Pharaoh, Egyptians, children. Exodus 14:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the prag
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.388/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / [14:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.4/) / JPS 1

# Exodus 14:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he shall follow after them; and I will get Me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; and the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD.' And they did so.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, Pharaoh, Egyptians, children · **What happens:** harden, follow, get, know, be, do · **To what, where:** heart, honour, Me, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 14:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Pharaoh, Egyptians, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:388
# text = And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he shall follow after them; and I will get Me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; and the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD.' And they did so.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	harden	harden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
20	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	_
21	honour	honour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
26	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	29	det:predet	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
34	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
36	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
37	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	ccomp	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	40	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	40	punct	_	_
43	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
46	so	so	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harden** | future | I | Pharaoh's heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 2 | **follow** | shall | Pharaoh |  |  |  | after children *= child* |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent after they=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | future | I | honour | Me |  |  | upon Pharaoh and Pharaoh's host | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary honour=Theme |
| 4 | **know** | shall | the Egyptians |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **do** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְחִזַּקְתִּ֣י אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֮ וְרָדַ֣ף אַחֲרֵיהֶם֒ וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן׃

[Exodus 14:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.4/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:388` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Exodus 14:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.387/)
- next →: [Exodus 14:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.389/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 14:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.4/)