---
title: Exodus 14:5 (JPS 1917) — And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned towards the people, and they said: 'What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us? Who acts: people, we, Israel. Exodus 14:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tr
---

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# Exodus 14:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned towards the people, and they said: 'What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?

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**Who acts:** people, we, Israel · **What happens:** tell, flee, turn, say, be, do · **To what, where:** honour, king, people, heart, this, Israel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 14:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, we, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:389
# text = And it was told the king of Egypt that the people were fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned towards the people, and they said: 'What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
26	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
34	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	_
35	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	37	nsubj	_	_
36	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	ccomp	_	_
38	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	37	acl:relcl	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
42	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
43	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
44	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
45	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	advcl	_	_
46	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
47	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	xcomp	_	_
48	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
49	serving	serve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
50	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	49	obj	_	_
51	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: evaluate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=wh

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | honour | the king of Egypt |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flee** | past · passive |  | the people |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **turn** | past · passive |  | the heart of Pharaoh and Pharaoh's servants |  |  |  | towards the people | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme towards people=Trajectory |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **do** | present · perfect | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **let** | present · perfect | we | Israel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **go** | infinitive | Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **serve** | gerund | Israel *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֻּגַּד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח הָעָ֑ם וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ׃

[Exodus 14:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:389` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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