---
title: Exodus 2:14 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian?' And Moses feared, and said: 'Surely the thing is known.' Who acts: Moses, thou. Exodus 2:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 2:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian?' And Moses feared, and said: 'Surely the thing is known.'

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**Who acts:** Moses, thou · **What happens:** say, make, think, kill, fear, know · **To what, where:** thee, me, Egyptian, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 2:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:39
# text = And he said: 'Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us? thinkest thou to kill me, as thou didst kill the Egyptian?' And Moses feared, and said: 'Surely the thing is known.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
6	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	nsubj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	obj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
17	thinkest	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
18	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
21	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj	_	_
25	didst	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	kill	kill	VERB	VB	Mood=Ind|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Egyptian	Egyptian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
31	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
37	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	_
39	Surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj:pass	_	_
42	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux:pass	_	_
43	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	ccomp	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	43	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	43	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | past |  | thee |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary ruler=Product |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **kill** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 5 | **kill** | past · do-support | thou | the Egyptian |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egyptian=Theme |
| 6 | **fear** | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moses *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **know** | present · passive |  | the thing |  |  |  | surely *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַ֠יֹּאמֶר מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ הַלְהָרְגֵ֙נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י וַיִּירָ֤א מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אָכֵ֖ן נוֹדַ֥ע הַדָּבָֽר׃

[Exodus 2:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.2.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:39` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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