---
title: Exodus 14:9 (JPS 1917) — And the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon. Who acts: Egyptians. Exodus 14:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.393/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / [14:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.9/) / JPS 1

# Exodus 14:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Egyptians · **What happens:** pursue, overtake, encamp · **To what, where:** horses, children, Pi

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 14:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Egyptians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:393
# text = And the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Egyptians	egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pursued	pursue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	overtook	overtake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	encamping	encamp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Pi	pi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	_
35	hahiroth	hahiroth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	flat	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	Baal	Baal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
41	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	42	punct	_	_
42	zephon	zephon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | past | the Egyptians | all horses of Pharaoh and chariots and heart's horsemen and heart's army |  |  | after children *= child* |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **overtake** | past | the Egyptians *not said here* | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **encamp** | gerund | the Egyptians *not said here* |  |  | Pi |  | by the sea; in front of Baal zephon | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשִּׂ֤יגוּ אוֹתָם֙ חֹנִ֣ים עַל־הַיָּ֔ם כָּל־סוּס֙ רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו וְחֵיל֑וֹ עַל־פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת לִפְנֵ֖י בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן׃

[Exodus 14:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.9/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:393` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Exodus 14:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.392/)
- next →: [Exodus 14:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.394/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 14:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.9/)