---
title: Exodus 14:10 (JPS 1917) — And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their e… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians were marching after them; and they were sore afraid; and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD. Who acts: Pharaoh, children, Egyptians. Exodus 14:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Exodus 14:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians were marching after them; and they were sore afraid; and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.

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**Who acts:** Pharaoh, children, Egyptians · **What happens:** draw, lift up, march, be, cry out · **To what, where:** eyes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 14:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pharaoh, children, Egyptians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:394
# text = And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians were marching after them; and they were sore afraid; and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
5	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Egyptians	egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	marching	march	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
24	after	after	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	sore	sore	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
39	out	out	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	_
40	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Pharaoh |  |  |  |  | nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lift up** | past | the children of Israel | children's eyes |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |
| 3 | **march** | past · progressive | the Egyptians |  |  |  | after children *= child* |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | Egyptians *= egyptian* |  |  |  |  | afraid, sore *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | unto the LORD | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃

[Exodus 14:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:394` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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