---
title: Exodus 14:16 (JPS 1917) — And lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the sea, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the sea, and divide it; and the children of Israel shall go into the midst of the sea on dry ground. Who acts: thou, children. Exodus 14:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 14:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the sea, and divide it; and the children of Israel shall go into the midst of the sea on dry ground.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thou, children · **What happens:** lift up, stretch out, divide, go · **To what, where:** rod, hand, sea, midst

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 14:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:401
# text = And lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thy hand over the sea, and divide it; and the children of Israel shall go into the midst of the sea on dry ground.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	lift	lift	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	nsubj	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	divide	divide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | infinitive | thou | thy rod |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rod=Theme |
| 2 | **stretch out** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | thy hand |  | the sea |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 3 | **divide** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | hand |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | shall | the children of Israel |  |  | the midst of the sea |  | on dry ground | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into midst=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאַתָּ֞ה הָרֵ֣ם אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֗ וּנְטֵ֧ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֛ עַל־הַיָּ֖ם וּבְקָעֵ֑הוּ וְיָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָֽׁה׃

[Exodus 14:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:401` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 14:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.400/)
- next →: [Exodus 14:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.402/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 14:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.16/)