--- title: Exodus 14:19 (JPS 1917) — And the angel of God, who went before the camp of Israel, removed an… · tree and pragmatics description: And the angel of God, who went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud removed from before them, and stood behind them; Who acts: angel, pillar. Exodus 14:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.404/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/14/) / [14:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.19/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 14:19 · JPS 1917 And the angel of God, who went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud removed from before them, and stood behind them; **Who acts:** angel, pillar · **What happens:** go, remove, stand · **To what, where:** camp This is Exodus 14:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (angel, pillar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:404 # text = And the angel of God, who went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud removed from before them, and stood behind them; 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 angel angel NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 8 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 9 before before ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 camp camp NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 15 removed remove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 18 behind behind ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 pillar pillar NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 removed remove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 27 from from ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 before before ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 33 behind behind ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | past | the angel of God | | | the camp of Israel | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before camp=Location | | 2 | **remove** | past | the angel of God | | | | | | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **go** | past | the angel of God *not said here* | | | | | behind horsemen *= horseman* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme behind they=Location | | 4 | **remove** | past | the pillar of cloud | | | | | from *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stand** | past | the pillar of cloud *not said here* | | | | | behind horsemen *= horseman* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind they=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּסַּ֞ע מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַהֹלֵךְ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּסַּ֞ע עַמּ֤וּד הֶֽעָנָן֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֖ד מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ [Exodus 14:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:404` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 14:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.403/) - next →: [Exodus 14:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.405/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 14:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.19/)