---
title: Exodus 14:25 (JPS 1917) — And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily… · tree and pragmatics
description: And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.' Who acts: LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us. Exodus 14:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Exodus 14:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us · **What happens:** take off, make, drive, say, let, flee · **To what, where:** chariot wheels, wheels, us, face · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 14:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, wheels, Egyptians, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:410
# text = And He took off their chariot wheels, and made them to drive heavily; so that the Egyptians said: 'Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
14	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Egyptians	Egyptians	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
24	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
32	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	fighteth	fight	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
38	against	against	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	Egyptians	Egyptians	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | past | LORD | Egyptians's chariot wheels |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | LORD *not said here* | wheels *= wheel* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drive** | to-infinitive | wheels *= wheel* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | heavily *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Egyptians |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **flee** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  | the face of Israel |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from face=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **fight** | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | for Egyptians; against the Egyptians | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם

[Exodus 14:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:410` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Exodus 14:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.409/)
- next →: [Exodus 14:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.411/)
- ↑ back to [Exodus 14:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.14.25/)