--- title: Exodus 15:16 (JPS 1917) — Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm th… · tree and pragmatics description: Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm they are as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over that Thou hast gotten. Who acts: Terror, people, Thou. Exodus 15:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.432/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/15/) / [15:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.16/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 15:16 · JPS 1917 Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm they are as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over that Thou hast gotten. **Who acts:** Terror, people, Thou · **What happens:** fall, be, pass over, get · **To what, where:** people This is Exodus 15:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Terror, people, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:432 # text = Terror and dread falleth upon them; by the greatness of Thine arm they are as still as a stone; till Thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over that Thou hast gotten. 1 Terror terror NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 dread dread NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 falleth fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 greatness greatness NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 Thine thine PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 as as ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 still still ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 22 till till SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 Thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 pass pass VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 26 over over ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 O o INTJ UH _ 29 discourse _ _ 29 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 vocative _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 till till SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 34 pass pass VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 35 over over ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 obj _ _ 37 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 39 nsubj _ _ 38 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 gotten get VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 33 acl:relcl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | present | Terror and dread | | | | | upon chiefs *= chief* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | | 2 | **is** | present | Terror | | | | | by the greatness of Thine arm; as a stone; still *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **pass over** | present | Thy people | | | | | LORD *vocative* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **pass over** | present | the people | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **get** | present · perfect | Thou | the people | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם אֵימָ֙תָה֙ וָפַ֔חַד בִּגְדֹ֥ל זְרוֹעֲךָ֖ יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּאָ֑בֶן עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר עַמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה עַֽד־יַעֲבֹ֖ר עַם־ז֥וּ קָנִֽיתָ׃ [Exodus 15:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.16/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:432` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 15:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.431/) - next →: [Exodus 15:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.433/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 15:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.15.16/)