--- title: Exodus 16:4 (JPS 1917) — Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread f… · tree and pragmatics description: Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not. Who acts: LORD, I, people. Exodus 16:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.449/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/16/) / [16:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.4/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 16:4 · JPS 1917 Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not. **Who acts:** LORD, I, people · **What happens:** say, cause, rain, go out, gather, prove · **To what, where:** bread, heaven, portion, people, law · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Exodus 16:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:449 # text = Then said the LORD unto Moses: 'Behold, I will cause to rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in My law, or not. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 2 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Moses Moses PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 9 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 13 discourse _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 11 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 12 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 cause cause VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 ccomp _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 rain rain VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 for for ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 27 out out ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 gather gather VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 conj _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod:poss _ _ 32 's 's PART POS _ 31 case _ _ 33 portion portion NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 34 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 35 det _ _ 35 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl:unmarked _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 37 that that SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 38 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 prove prove VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ _ 41 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 45 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 46 walk walk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 advcl _ _ 47 in in ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 My my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 51 or or CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 46 conj _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD | | | | then | unto Moses | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **cause** | future | I | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **rain** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | bread | | heaven | | for you | tree rules | | 4 | **go out** | shall | the people | | | | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **gather** | infinitive | the people *not said here* | a day's portion | | | day | | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme | | 6 | **prove** | may | I | people | | | | | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 7 | **walk** | future | people | | | My law | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in law=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְנִ֨י מַמְטִ֥יר לָכֶ֛ם לֶ֖חֶם מִן־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְיָצָ֨א הָעָ֤ם וְלָֽקְטוּ֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ לְמַ֧עַן אֲנַסֶּ֛נּוּ הֲיֵלֵ֥ךְ בְּתוֹרָתִ֖י אִם־לֹֽא׃ [Exodus 16:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:449` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 16:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.448/) - next →: [Exodus 16:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.450/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 16:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.4/)