--- title: Exodus 16:12 (JPS 1917) — Speak unto them, saying: At dusk ye shall eat flesh, and in the morn… · tree and pragmatics description: Speak unto them, saying: At dusk ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.' Who acts: you, ye, I. Exodus 16:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.458/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/16/) / [16:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.12/) / JPS 2 # Exodus 16:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 Speak unto them, saying: At dusk ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.' **Who acts:** you, ye, I · **What happens:** speak, say, eat, fill, know, be · **To what, where:** flesh, ye, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Exodus 16:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, ye, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:458 # text = Speak unto them, saying: At dusk ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.' 1 Speak speak VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 unto unto ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 advcl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 7 At at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 dusk dusk NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 9 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 11 nsubj _ _ 10 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 ccomp _ _ 12 flesh flesh NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 18 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 21 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 20 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 filled fill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 28 nsubj _ _ 27 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 know know VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 29 that that SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 30 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 31 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 cop _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 LORD lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 ccomp _ _ 34 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 appos _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ 37 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | unto children *= child* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **eat** | shall | ye | flesh | | | dusk | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient | | 4 | **fill** | shall · passive | | ye | | | morning | with bread | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with bread=Instrument | | 5 | **know** | shall | ye | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **is a** | present | I | the LORD | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶת־תְּלוּנֹּת֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ דַּבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר בֵּ֤ין הָֽעַרְבַּ֙יִם֙ תֹּאכְל֣וּ בָשָׂ֔ר וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר תִּשְׂבְּעוּ־לָ֑חֶם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֕ם כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ [Exodus 16:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.12/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. ['I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.457/) 2. **Speak unto them, saying: At dusk ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.'** **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:458` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 16:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.457/) - next →: [Exodus 16:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.459/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 16:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.16.12/)