---
title: Exodus 18:13 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the peopl… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood about Moses from the morning unto the evening. Who acts: bread, Moses, people. Exodus 18:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 18:13 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood about Moses from the morning unto the evening.

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**Who acts:** bread, Moses, people · **What happens:** come, pass, sit, judge, stand · **To what, where:** morrow, people

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This is Exodus 18:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bread, Moses, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:513
# text = And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood about Moses from the morning unto the evening.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | bread |  |  | the morrow |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on morrow=Location |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sit** | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **judge** | to-infinitive | Moses *not said here* | the people |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent people=Value |
| 5 | **stand** | past | the people |  |  |  | evening; morning | about Moses | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about moses=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הָעָם֙ עַל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִן־הַבֹּ֖קֶר עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

[Exodus 18:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:513` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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