--- title: Exodus 18:14 (JPS 1917) — And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he… · tree and pragmatics description: And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: 'What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?' Who acts: father, thou, people. Exodus 18:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.514/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/18/) / [18:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.14/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 18:14 · JPS 1917 And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: 'What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?' **Who acts:** father, thou, people · **What happens:** see, do, say, be, sit, stand · **To what, where:** all, thing, thyself · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Exodus 18:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, thou, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:514 # text = And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: 'What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 2 when when SCONJ WRB _ 10 mark _ _ 3 Moses Moses PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod:poss _ _ 4 ' 's PART POS _ 3 case _ _ 5 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 9 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 10 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 11 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 10 obj _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 obj _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 19 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 23 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 26 nsubj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 25 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 ccomp _ _ 27 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 29 obj _ _ 28 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 29 nsubj _ _ 29 doest do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 acl:relcl _ _ 30 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 33 ? ? PUNCT . _ 26 punct _ _ 34 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 35 advmod _ _ 35 sittest sit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 ccomp _ _ 36 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 nsubj _ _ 37 thyself thyself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch 35 obj _ _ 38 alone alone ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 41 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 43 det:predet _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ _ 44 stand stand VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 45 about about ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 44 obl _ _ 47 from from ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 49 unto unto ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 even even NOUN NN _ 44 obl _ _ 51 ? ? PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ 52 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: narrator - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | Moses's father in law | all | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer all=Stimulus | | 2 | **do** | past | father | | | | | to the people | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | father | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **is a** | present | | this thing | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **do** | present | thou | this thing | | | | to the people | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 6 | **sit** | present | thou | thyself | | | | alone *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thyself=Theme | | 7 | **stand** | present | all people | | | | morning | about thee; unto even | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent about thou=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָעָ֔ם מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖יךָ מִן־בֹּ֥קֶר עַד־עָֽרֶב׃ [Exodus 18:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:514` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 18:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.513/) - next →: [Exodus 18:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.515/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 18:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.14/)