---
title: Exodus 18:19 (JPS 1917) — Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God be with… · tree and pragmatics
description: Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God be with thee: be thou for the people before God, and bring thou the causes unto God. Who acts: you, I, God, thou. Exodus 18:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 18:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God be with thee: be thou for the people before God, and bring thou the causes unto God.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, I, God, thou · **What happens:** hearken, give, be, bring · **To what, where:** counsel, thee, causes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 18:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, God, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:519
# text = Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God be with thee: be thou for the people before God, and bring thou the causes unto God.
1	Hearken	hearken	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
10	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	iobj	_	_
11	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	conj	_	_
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
20	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nsubj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	_
24	before	before	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
29	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nsubj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	causes	cause	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
32	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hearken** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | now | unto my voice | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | future | I | counsel | thee |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient counsel=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive | God |  |  |  |  | with thee | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  | before God | for the people | tree rules |
| 5 | **bring** | infinitive | thou | the causes |  |  |  | unto God | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ וִיהִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּ֑ךְ הֱיֵ֧ה אַתָּ֣ה לָעָ֗ם מ֚וּל הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ אַתָּ֛ה אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃

[Exodus 18:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.18.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:519` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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