--- title: Exodus 19:16 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that ther… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled. Who acts: mount, thunders, horn, people. Exodus 19:16 in JPS 1917 with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.544/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/) / [19:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.16/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 19:16 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled. **Who acts:** mount, thunders, horn, people · **What happens:** come, pass, be, exceed, tremble · **To what, where:** mount, morning, camp This is Exodus 19:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mount, thunders, horn, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:544 # text = And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 expl _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 csubj _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 third third ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 9 amod _ _ 9 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 when when SCONJ WRB _ 14 mark _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 advcl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 17 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 18 expl _ _ 18 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 19 thunders thunder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 lightnings lightning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 26 upon upon ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 mount mount NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 horn horn NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 exceeding exceed VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 acl _ _ 37 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 xcomp _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 48 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 40 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 42 det:predet _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 48 nsubj _ _ 43 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 47 nsubj _ _ 44 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 47 cop _ _ 45 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 camp camp NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 acl:relcl _ _ 48 trembled tremble VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | | mount | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | day | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | past | mount | morning | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | past | thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount and the voice of a horn | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **exceed** | gerund | a horn *not said here* | | | | | loud *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | | 6 | **is** | past | all people | | | the camp | | | tree rules | | 7 | **tremble** | past | all people | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ [Exodus 19:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.16/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:544` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 19:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.543/) - next →: [Exodus 19:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.545/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 19:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.16/)