--- title: Exodus 19:18 (JPS 1917) — Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended… · tree and pragmatics description: Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. Who acts: mount Sinai, LORD, smoke, whole mount. Exodus 19:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.546/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/19/) / [19:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.18/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 19:18 · JPS 1917 Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. **Who acts:** mount Sinai, LORD, smoke, whole mount, furnace · **What happens:** be, descend, ascend, quake, smoke · **To what, where:** smoke, fire This is Exodus 19:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mount Sinai, LORD, smoke, whole mount), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:546 # text = Now mount Sinai was altogether on smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 advmod _ _ 2 mount mount NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 Sinai Sinai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 altogether altogether ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 because because SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 descended descend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 13 upon upon ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 21 thereof thereof ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 ascended ascend VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 23 as as ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 furnace furnace NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 mount mount NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 quaked quake VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 35 greatly greatly ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | mount Sinai | | | smoke | now | altogether *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **descend** | past | the LORD | | | fire | | upon smoke | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **ascend** | past | the smoke | | | | | as the smoke of a furnace | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **quake** | past | the whole mount | | | | | greatly *property* | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **smoke** | | a furnace | | | | | | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃ [Exodus 19:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:546` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 19:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.545/) - next →: [Exodus 19:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.547/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 19:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.18/)