---
title: Exodus 19:19 (JPS 1917) — And when the voice of the horn waxed louder and louder, Moses spoke,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the voice of the horn waxed louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by a voice. Who acts: voice, Moses, God. Exodus 19:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 19:19 · JPS 1917

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And when the voice of the horn waxed louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by a voice.

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**Who acts:** voice, Moses, God · **What happens:** wax, speak, answer · **To what, where:** Moses · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Exodus 19:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, Moses, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:547
# text = And when the voice of the horn waxed louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by a voice.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	waxed	wax	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
9	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wax** | past | the voice of the horn |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Moses |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | God |  | Moses |  |  | by a voice | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃

[Exodus 19:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.19.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:547` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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