--- title: Exodus 20:4 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of like… · tree and pragmatics description: Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; Who acts: Thou, thing, that. Exodus 20:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.557/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/20/) / [20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.4/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 20:4 · JPS 1917 Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; **Who acts:** Thou, thing, that · **What happens:** not make, be, image · **To what, where:** graven image, heaven, earth, water, thing This is Exodus 20:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, thing, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:557 # text = Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; 1 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 nsubj _ _ 2 shalt shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 obl _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 graven graven ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 image image NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 13 cc _ _ 12 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 13 det _ _ 13 manner manner NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 likeness likeness NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 19 det _ _ 19 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 20 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 acl:relcl _ _ 24 above above ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 27 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 32 beneath beneath ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 34 or or CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 35 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 40 under under ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 43 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: changed indirect=1 | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **make** | shall | Thou | a graven image of any thing nor any manner of likeness | | | | unto thee | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset image=Product | | 2 | **is** | present | any thing | | | heaven or the earth or the water | | above *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | that | | | the earth or the water | | beneath *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | present | that | | | the water | | under the earth | tree rules | | 5 | **image** | | | any thing | | | | | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לֹֽ֣א תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣פֶ֣֙סֶל֙ ׀ וְכָל־תְּמוּנָ֡֔האֲשֶׁ֤֣רבַּשָּׁמַ֣֙יִם֙ ׀ מִמַּ֡֔עַלוַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩בָּאָ֖֨רֶץמִתַָּ֑֜חַתוַאֲשֶׁ֥֣רבַּמַּ֖֣יִם ׀ מִתַּ֥֣חַתלָאָֽ֗רֶץ [Exodus 20:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:557` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 20:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.556/) - next →: [Exodus 20:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.558/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 20:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.4/)