--- title: Exodus 20:18 (JPS 1917) — (20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightn… · tree and pragmatics description: (20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off. Who acts: people, mountain. Exodus 20:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.571/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/20/) / [20:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.18/) / JPS 1 # Exodus 20:18 · JPS 1917 (20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off. **Who acts:** people, mountain · **What happens:** perceive, smoking, see, tremble, stand · **To what, where:** thunderings, mountain This is Exodus 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EXO:571 # text = (20-15) And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off. 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 2 punct _ _ 2 20-15 20-15 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 parataxis _ _ 3 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 2 punct _ _ 4 And and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 5 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 7 det:predet _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 thunderings thundering NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 lightnings lightning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 horn horn NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 mountain mountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 26 smoking smoking VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 acl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 29 when when SCONJ WRB _ 32 mark _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 advcl _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 35 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 trembled tremble VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 conj _ _ 40 afar afar ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 off off ADV RP _ 39 advmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **perceive** | past | all people | the thunderings and the lightnings and the voice of the horn and mountain | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thundering=Stimulus | | 2 | **smoking** | gerund | mountain *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **see** | past | the people | mountain | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **tremble** | past | people | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **stand** | past | people *not said here* | | | | | off *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְכָל־הָעָם֩ רֹאִ֨ים אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם וְאֵת֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וְאֶת־הָהָ֖ר עָשֵׁ֑ן וַיַּ֤רְא הָעָם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃ [Exodus 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:571` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Exodus 20:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.570/) - next →: [Exodus 20:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.572/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 20:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.20.18/)