---
title: Exodus 21:31 (JPS 1917) — Whether it have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whether it have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him. Who acts: ransom. Exodus 21:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 21:31 · JPS 1917

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Whether it have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

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**Who acts:** ransom · **What happens:** gore, accord, do · **To what, where:** son, daughter, ransom

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This is Exodus 21:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ransom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:610
# text = Whether it have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gored	gore	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	gored	gore	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	case	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
22	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gore** | present · perfect | ransom | a son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gore** | present · perfect | ransom *not said here* | a daughter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | shall · passive |  | ransom |  |  |  | accord this judgment; unto owner | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אוֹ־בֵ֥ן יִגָּ֖ח אוֹ־בַ֣ת יִגָּ֑ח כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט הַזֶּ֖ה יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ׃

[Exodus 21:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.21.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:610` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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