---
title: Exodus 21:33 (JPS 1917) — And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit and not c… · tree and pragmatics
description: And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein, Who acts: man, ox. Exodus 21:33 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 21:33 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein,

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, ox · **What happens:** open, dig, not cover, fall · **To what, where:** pit

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 21:33 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, ox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:612
# text = And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein,
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	dig	dig	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	pit	pit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
20	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** *a condition, not said to happen* | shall | a man | a pit |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pit=Theme |
| 2 | **dig** *a condition, not said to happen* | shall | a man | a pit |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent pit=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **cover** | infinitive | a man *not said here* | pit |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Destination |
| 4 | **fall** | present | a ox or a ass |  |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכִֽי־יִפְתַּ֨ח אִ֜ישׁ בּ֗וֹר א֠וֹ כִּֽי־יִכְרֶ֥ה אִ֛ישׁ בֹּ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יְכַסֶּ֑נּוּ וְנָֽפַל־שָׁ֥מָּה שּׁ֖וֹר א֥וֹ חֲמֽוֹר׃

[Exodus 21:33: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.21.33/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:612` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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