---
title: Exodus 22:12 (JPS 1917) — (22-12) If it be torn in pieces, let him bring it for witness; he sh… · tree and pragmatics
description: (22-12) If it be torn in pieces, let him bring it for witness; he shall not make good that which was torn. Who acts: you, man. Exodus 22:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 22:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(22-12) If it be torn in pieces, let him bring it for witness; he shall not make good that which was torn.

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**Who acts:** you, man · **What happens:** tear, let, bring, not make · **To what, where:** owner, pieces, man, that

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This is Exodus 22:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:628
# text = (22-12) If it be torn in pieces, let him bring it for witness; he shall not make good that which was torn.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
2	22-12	22-12	NUM	LS	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	dep	_	_
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
22	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	obj	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive · passive |  | owner |  | pieces |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring** | infinitive | man *not said here* | owner |  |  |  | for witness | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **make** | shall | man | that |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Product |
| 5 | **tear** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃פ

[Exodus 22:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:628` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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