---
title: Exodus 22:13 (JPS 1917) — And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution. Who acts: man, owner. Exodus 22:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Exodus 22:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, owner · **What happens:** borrow, hurt, die, not be, make · **To what, where:** aught, restitution

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Exodus 22:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, owner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EXO:629
# text = And if a man borrow aught of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof not being with it, he shall surely make restitution.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	borrow	borrow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
6	aught	aught	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
21	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
23	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	cop	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	advcl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
31	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed act=request, indirect=1, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a man | aught of man's neighbour |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aught=Theme |
| 2 | **hurt** | infinitive · passive |  | aught |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **die** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **not** **is** | gerund | the owner |  |  |  |  | with owner | tree rules |
| 5 | **make** | shall | man | restitution |  |  |  | surely *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent restitution=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃

[Exodus 22:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.22.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EXO:629` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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